There were 123 subjects who were considered cognitively normal (CN), 118 with vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI), 108 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (amMCI), 121 with vascular dementia (VaD), and 113 with dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (DAT). This study also aimed to compare differences in discriminability between MoCA and MMSE according to education level in more detail.Ī total of 583 subjects were analyzed (271 males and 312 females), with an average age of 74.19☘.71 years and 8.37±4.48 years of education. Therefore, this study aimed to confirm the effect of education on MoCA compared to MMSE in Korean elderly, many of whom had low education. 19 Although the number of highly educated elderly is increasing in Korea, it is clear that administering MoCA for the elderly with low education in the dementia field has far more cases in Korea than in Western countries. 12, 13, 16, 17, 18 According to data from the Ministry of Health and Welfare, only 17.2% of older Koreans in 2008 and 34% in 2020 have had a high school or higher education. Indeed, studies conducted in Western countries using the MoCA and MMSE have shown that participants have an average of 14–15 years of education, 9, 14, 15 while studies conducted in Korea show an average education level of 5–8 years. In other words, since the MoCA includes difficult items that elderly individuals with low educational attainment cannot perform well, it can be predicted that if the MoCA is conducted for elderly people with low educational attainment, it will not be different from the discriminability of the MMSE, which consists of relatively easy items. The researchers suggested that this was because the level of education of the elderly in Korea was lower than that of the elderly who participated in foreign studies. However, another domestic study 13 did not find a significant difference in discriminating vascular MCI from normal elderly individuals between the MoCA and MMSE. 10, 11Ī domestic study 12 also reported that the MoCA was more useful than MMSE in discriminating between normal elderly and amnestic MCI. 3, 4 Many studies have reported that the MoCA is superior to the MMSE in detecting MCI 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and vascular cognitive impairment. It includes more subtests for assessing frontal and executive function than the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). 2 It is one of the representative screening tests used in clinical settings. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) 1 was developed as a screening test for mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
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